Excavation at Aguas Buenas, Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile, of a gunpowder magazine and the supposed campsite of Alexander Selkirk, together with an account of early navigational dividers

Excavations were undertaken of a ruined building at Aguas Buenas, identified as an 18th-century Spanish gunpowder magazine. Evidence was also found for the campsite of an early European occupant of the island. A case is made that this was Alexander Selkirk, a castaway here from 1704 to 1709. Selkirk was the model for Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe. A detailed discussion is given of a fragment of copper alloy identifi ed as being from a pair of navigational dividers

Historia de la campaña de Tarapaca : desde la ocupación de Anfogasta hasta la proclamación de la dictadura en el Perú

AntepSignaturizadoNotas a pé de páxT.I (865,LIV p., [6] f. lám, [2] map. preg.) -- T.II (1192,[2] p., [3]f. lám., [1] map. preg.) -- T.III (1172, XXII p., [4]f. lám.)Lit.Cadot,...Rafael Jover,editorial

Guerra del Pacífico. Historia de la campaña de Lima 1880-1881

AntepSignaturizadoAntepLitt. P. Cadot Rafael Jover, editorial

Hydroclimatic variability in Santiago (Chile) since the 16th century

35 Pags.- 7 Figs.- 4 Tabls. The definitive version is available at: https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970088The long‐term hydroclimatic variability in Santiago (Chile) was analysed by means of a new 481‐year (1536–2016 CE) tree‐ring reconstruction of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) of August, integrating the hydroclimatic conditions during the preceding 14 months. Results show a high frequency of extreme drought events in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, while the frequency of extreme wet events was higher in the 17th–18th centuries. The mid‐20th century represents a breaking point for the hydroclimatic history in the region, including some significant changes: (a) the interannual variability increased; (b) the wet events became less intense; (c) the extreme dry events became more frequent; and (d) the most intense dry event of the entire period was identified, coinciding with the so‐called Megadrought (2006–2016). A correlation analysis between the reconstructed SPEI and three climate indices (PDO, SOI and Niño3.4) was performed at monthly scale, considering different multi‐annual aggregations. The analysis shows diverse impacts on the hydroclimatic variability, with positive correlations between SPEI and PDO as well as Niño3.4, and negative correlations between SPEI and SOI. The most significant correlations were, overall, found at multi‐annual time scales (>7 years). Results help to better understand the current hydroclimatic changes (Megadrought) in a long‐term context.R.S.N. is funded by a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral grant FJCI-2017-31595. This work was developed under the project CAS/1900020 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and the Fulbright Foundation. O.M.R., P.S. and R.S.N. thank the Climatology Group (2017SGR1362, Catalan Government) and the CLICES Project (CGL2017-83866-C3-2-R). R.S.N. and M.D.L. are supported by the Government of Aragón through the “Programme of research groups” (group H38, “Clima, Agua, Cambio Global y Sistemas Naturales”) and thank the project CGL2015-69985-R. E.T. and M.V. were partially supported by NSF-PIRE (OISE-1743738) and NSF-P2C2 (AGS-1702439). M.F. is funded by a postdoctoral grant CONICYT PIA AFB170008 of the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB).Peer reviewe

Civilización, masculinidad y superioridad racial: una aproximación al discurso republicano chileno durante la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1884)

En este artículo se analiza el discurso republicano en el contexto de la Guerra del Pacífico. La propuesta es explicar cómo, por un lado, la noción de la "barbarie", tradicionalmente asociada a la naturaleza salvaje, fue empleada para referirse al despostimo, la degeneración y el lujo de la sociedad de Antiguo Régimen que - de acuerdo con los publicistas chilenos - aún reinaba en el Perú. La transformación del republicanismo, desde una ideología obsesionada con la fragilidad de la república a otra involucrada en la expansión territorial, permite estudiar el surgimiento de una "república imperio" en Chile. Esta reelaboración conceptual está basada en la austeridad, el trabajo arduo e incluso la incorporación de todos sus ciudadanos, incluyendo a los araucanos. Opino que el análisis de un experimento republicano llevado hasta sus extremos permitirá enriquecer el debate en torno a los vocabularios y a las prácticas políticas en la Hispanoamérica decimonónica